C - Basic Input Output Library Function
Basic Input Output Library Function:
A function is a self-contained block of code that
performs a particular task.
1.
strcpy():
To copies one string into another which is available
in string.h header file.
Example:
main
()
{
char
name[20], name1[10]="BCA II ";
strcpy(name,"C
program");
puts(name);
strcpy(name,name1);
puts(name);
}
Output -> C
program BCA II
To appends one string to another which is
available in string.h header file.
Example:
main()
{
char
name[20], name1[10]="BCA II ";
strcpy(name,"C
program ");
strcat(name,name1);
puts(name);
}
Output-> C program BCA II
3. abs():
To returns the absolute value of an integer
which is available in math.h header file.
Example:
main()
{
int
a= -3;
printf("
Absolute value of %d is %d ",a, abs(a));
}
Output -> Absolute
value of -3 is 3
4.
getchar(): To read a
character from the keyboard which is available in stdio.h header file.
Example:
main()
{
char
ch;
printf("Enter
a character ");
ch=getchar(
);
printf("\n
Entered character is %c ",ch);
}
Output ->
Enter a character
A Entered character is A
Example:
main()
{
char
name1[10]="BCA II ";
printf("
Length of name1 is %d ",strlen(name1));
}
Output ->
Length of name1 is 6
Example:
main()
{
char
ch;
printf("Enter
a character ");
ch=getchar(
);
printf("\n
Uppercase character is %c ",toupper(ch));
}
Output ->
Enter a character c
Uppercase character is C
Example:
main()
{
char
name1[10]="BCA";
int
number=12;
printf("
name is %s number is %d ",name1,number);
}
Output ->
name is BCA number is 12
8.
pow():
To calculate power, which is available
in math.h header file.
Example:
main()
{
int
x,n;
printf("Enter
a number");
scanf("%d",&x);
printf("Enter
power ");
scanf("%d",&n);
printf
(" Power is %d",pow(x,n));
}
Output ->
Enter
a number 5
Enter
power 2
Power
is 25
9.
exit(): To terminate the execution of program.
Example:
main()
{
int
i; for(i=0;i<1000;i++)
{
printf("
Num is %d",i); if(i==3)
exit();
}
}
Output ->
Num
is 0
Num
is 1
Num
is 2
Num
is 3
10.
clrscr(): To clears the screen.
Example:
main()
{
char
name1[10]="BCA";
int
number=12;
printf("
name is %s number is %d ",name1,number);
clrscr();
printf("
All clear !");
}
Output -> All clear
11.
getch():
getch() function
reads a single character that you types without echoing it on the screen and
without waiting for the enter key to be hit. The getch() takes the following
form:
variable-name
= getch();
variable-name is
a valid C name that has been declared as char type. When this statement is
encountered, the computer does not wait a key is pressed and then assigns this
character as a value to getch function.
12.
getchar():
It reads a single character that you type with
echoing it on the screen and waiting for the enter key to be hit. The getchar()
takes the following form:
variable-name
= getchar();
variable-name is
a valid C name that has been declared as char type. When this statement is encountered, the
computer waits until enter key is pressed and then assigns this character as a
value to getchar function.
13.
putchar() :
Writing a Character there is a function
putchar for writing characters one at a time to the terminal. It takes the form
as shown below:
putchar(variable-name);
where variable-name is a type char variable
containing a character. This statement is displaying the character contained in
the variable-name at the terminal. For example, the statements
answer =
'Y'; putchar(answer);
will display the character Y on the screen.
The statement
putchar('\n');
would cause the cursor on the screen to move
to the beginning of the next line.
14.
scanf() :
To read integer, float etc datatype from the
keyboard in C by using the scanf function. The general form of scanf is
scanf("control
string",&arg1,&arg2,....&.argn);
The control string specifies the field format
in which the data is to be entered and the arguments arg1, arg2, ...argn
specify the address of locations where the data is stored. Control string and
arguments are separated by commas.
Example:
int
age, float sal;
scanf("%d%f",
&age, &sal);
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